High Intra‐Seasonal Variability in Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Temperate Constructed Ponds

Abstract

Abstract Inland waters play a major role in global greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets. The smallest of these systems (i.e., ponds) have a particularly large—but poorly constrained—emissions footprint at the global scale. Much of this uncertainty is due to a poor understanding of temporal variability in emissions. Here, we conducted high‐resolution temporal sampling to quantify GHG exchange between four temperate constructed ponds and the atmosphere on an annual basis. We show these ponds are a net source of GHGs to the atmosphere (564.4 g CO2‐eq m−2 yr−1), driven by highly temporally variable diffusive methane (CH4) emissions. Diffusive CH4 release to the atmosphere was twice as high during periods when the ponds had a stratified water column than when it was mixed. Ebullitive CH4 release was also higher during stratification. Building ponds to favor mixed conditions thus presents an opportunity to minimize the global GHG footprint of future pond construction.

Keywords

• pond
• methane
• carbon dioxide
• nitrous oxide
• ebullition
• diffusive flux