Инфекция и иммунитет (May 2018)
SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL NICHE: ORAL CAVITY OF THE HEALTHY CHILDREN
Abstract
In recent years, saliva is increasingly being used as a diagnostic fluid for the evaluation of various biological parameters, namely, the levels of activity of the information signal molecules of the metaorganism — the immune-neuroendocrine nature, but less often the metabolites of the microbial community and the structure of the bacterial society. The paper assesses the microbial society of the oral cavity (saliva/smear from the surfaces of the microbiota) healthy children in order to create microbial images of «health» — control that can be used in the study of the microbial community in the development of local and/or systemic pathophysiological processes, including infections, in the child’s body. Using the method of Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of microbial markers, specific chemical markers of 38 taxa of microorganisms in the oral cavity of healthy children from 1.5 to 14 years have been determined. To determine the distribution of various representatives of microbial societies between ecological niches (saliva/smear) in the oral cavity and assess the effect on them of the age of children, a Canonical Correspondences Analysis was used. A high similarity of the microbiota structure of saliva and smear from microbiota living surfaces in healthy children was found, which may indicate cross paths of bacterial representatives of different species and genera of the microbial community, or their functional plasticity. Of greatest interest are the data on the number of bacteria of the genus Alcaligenes spp. in the smear from the surfaces of the microbiota, which is twice higher, than in saliva. Alcaligenes presents itself as a professional organizer of security measures in relation to the place of residence: it produces antibiotics and original antibacterial components that disorganize the growth of a wide variety of bacteria. In addition, it is able to initiate B-lymphocytes of lymphoid follicles to produce Alcaligenes-specific antibodies, to create from them their own «cloaking» coating, facilitating its entry into Peyer’s plaques through M-cells. It can be assumed that the level of Alcaligenes spp. in saliva to some extent reflects the migration of representatives of this genus, both from the palatine and from the nasopharyngeal tonsils. The age features of the microbiota of the ecological niche — the oral cavity are determined: the number of representatives of the genus Clostridium spp. increases with age in children. And the number of bifidobacteria decreases. The results obtained by us can be used as a control in systemic pathophysiological processes, including infectious etiology, as well as during therapy.
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