Water consumption behaviour and the use of technology among households in Durban, South Africa

Abstract

Freshwater resources remain under constant pressure due to population growth, economic development, and changing weather patterns. Water supply utilities generally struggle to keep up with the growing demand for freshwater resources and consequently adopt demand management policies to address supply challenges. As water consumers, households can play a major role in water conservation. This paper examines the impact of biographic characteristics on water consumption behaviour and the adoption of water-efficient technologies in the city of Durban, South Africa. Probit regression models are estimated using survey data collected from 300 household heads sampled across the city. Among other results, the study finds income as the most consistent determinant of water consumption behaviours and the adoption of water-efficient technologies. Furthermore, the level of education was also found to be a consistent determinant of the adoption and installation of water-efficient technologies. These results are significant and serve to guide water utilities when implementing demand management water policies. HIGHLIGHTS Households generally practice water-efficient consumption.; Efficient behaviour is more prevalent in the suburbs and township than informal settlements.; Income level, household size, age, education, and gender are important determinants of water consumption behaviour.; Different conservation strategies should be adopted for suburbs, townships, and informal settlements.;

Keywords

• household water conservation
• water demand management
• water policy
• water utilities