Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis Methodology and Its Effectiveness to Identify Nutrient Levels in Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>)

Abstract

Yerba mate is a forest species of both cultural and economic importance growing in the subtropical regions of South America, especially in the south of Brazil. Despite its importance, yerba mate has never received enough attention from researchers, so the nutritional sufficiency ranges and critical levels have not yet been determined. This research aimed to establish these parameters for yerba mate to enable its foliar diagnosis. A total of 167 leaf samples were collected from production fields located in the five yerba mate-growing regions in Rio Grande do Sul, and the leaf nutrients were determined by standard chemical methods. The yield of each production field was accessed, and the cutoff value separating low- and high-yield groups was calculated in 16.75 Mg ha−1. The multivariate compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) standards were determined, and nutrient interactions were estimated by correlation and principal component analyses. There was no positive correlation between any single nutrient and yield, even in the high-yield population, evidencing that a higher yield is the outcome of the balance among all nutrients. Excess of B occurred in one-third of the low-yield samples, while deficiency of Cu and K occurred in one-fourth of these samples. Finally, we established the adequate leaf nutrient levels for yerba mate.

Keywords

• yerba mate
• mineral nutrition
• sufficiency ranges
• foliar analysis
• yield
• fertilization