A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Based Materials for Chronic Diabetic Wounds
Jinjin Pei,
Chella Perumal Palanisamy,
Phaniendra Alugoju,
Naga Venkata Anusha Anthikapalli,
Prabhu Manickam Natarajan,
Vidhya Rekha Umapathy,
Bhuminathan Swamikannu,
Selvaraj Jayaraman,
Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal,
Sirilux Poompradub
Affiliations
Jinjin Pei
Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bioresources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
Chella Perumal Palanisamy
Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Phaniendra Alugoju
Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Naga Venkata Anusha Anthikapalli
Department of Chemistry, A.N.R College, Gudivada, Andhra Pradesh 521301, India
Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences and Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
Bhuminathan Swamikannu
Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
Selvaraj Jayaraman
Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600078, India
Sirilux Poompradub
Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Globally, millions of people suffer from poor wound healing, which is associated with higher mortality rates and higher healthcare costs. There are several factors that can complicate the healing process of wounds, including inadequate conditions for cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis, microbial infections, and prolonged inflammatory responses. Current therapeutic methods have not yet been able to resolve several primary problems; therefore, their effectiveness is limited. As a result of their remarkable properties, bio-based materials have been demonstrated to have a significant impact on wound healing in recent years. In the wound microenvironment, bio-based materials can stimulate numerous cellular and molecular processes that may enhance healing by inhibiting the growth of pathogens, preventing inflammation, and stimulating angiogenesis, potentially converting a non-healing environment to an appropriately healing one. The aim of this present review article is to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying wound healing and its pathophysiology. The development of bio-based nanomaterials for chronic diabetic wounds as well as novel methodologies for stimulating wound healing mechanisms are also discussed.
