Resistance Genes, Plasmids, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and Phenotypic Resistance of Non-Typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS) Isolated from Slaughtered Chickens in Burkina Faso
Assèta Kagambèga,
Elizabeth A. McMillan,
Soutongnooma C. Bouda,
Lari M. Hiott,
Hazem Ramadan,
Daniel K. Soro,
Poonam Sharma,
Sushim K. Gupta,
Nicolas Barro,
Charlene R. Jackson,
Jonathan G. Frye
Affiliations
Assèta Kagambèga
Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
Elizabeth A. McMillan
Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
Soutongnooma C. Bouda
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, D’épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
Lari M. Hiott
Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
Hazem Ramadan
Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
Daniel K. Soro
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, D’épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
Poonam Sharma
Institute of Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
Sushim K. Gupta
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
Nicolas Barro
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, D’épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
Charlene R. Jackson
Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
Jonathan G. Frye
Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in developing countries increases risks to the health of both such countries’ residents and the global community due to international travel. It is consequently necessary to investigate antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in countries such as Burkina Faso, where surveillance data are not available. To study the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella, 102 Salmonella strains isolated from slaughtered chickens were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to obtain information on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and other genetic factors. Twenty-two different serotypes were identified using WGS, the most prevalent of which were Hato (28/102, 27.5%) and Derby (23/102, 22.5%). All strains analyzed possessed at least one and up to nine AMR genes, with the most prevalent being the non-functional aac(6′)-Iaa gene, followed by aph(6)-Id. Multi-drug resistance was found genotypically in 36.2% of the isolates for different classes of antibiotics, such as fosfomycin and β-lactams, among others. Plasmids were identified in 43.1% of isolates (44/102), and 25 plasmids were confirmed to carry AMR genes. The results show that chicken can be considered as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains. Due to the prevalence of these drug-resistant pathogens and the potential for foodborne illnesses, poultry processing and cooking should be performed with attention to prescribed safe handling methods to avoid cross-contamination with chicken products.
