Toxicity of Zn-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide to Different Organisms in the Aquatic Environment
Olga Koba-Ucun,
Tuğba Ölmez Hanci,
Idil Arslan-Alaton,
Samira Arefi-Oskoui,
Alireza Khataee,
Mehmet Kobya,
Yasin Orooji
Affiliations
Olga Koba-Ucun
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
Tuğba Ölmez Hanci
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
Idil Arslan-Alaton
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
Samira Arefi-Oskoui
Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
Alireza Khataee
Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
Mehmet Kobya
Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Gebze, Turkey
Yasin Orooji
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
The application of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials as catalysts has attracted great interest due to their unique structural features. It also triggered the need to study their fate and behavior in the aquatic environment. In the present study, Zn-Fe nanolayered double hydroxides (Zn-Fe LDHs) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses. The toxicity of the home-made Zn-Fe LDHs catalyst was examined by employing a variety of aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, namely the marine photobacterium Vibrio fischeri, the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, and the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. From the experimental results, it was evident that the acute toxicity of the catalyst depended on the exposure time and type of selected test organism. Zn-Fe LDHs toxicity was also affected by its physical state in suspension, chemical composition, as well as interaction with the bioassay test medium.
