The Comparative Semantics of the Term Irteqab (Revelation) in Sunni and Shi’ite Exegesis

Abstract

Translators of the words of Wahy (revelation) have considered some vocabularies as synonymous with each other in the translation of the Qur’an. Moreover, sometimes they have applied one single meaning as equivalent for different Arabic words in the Qur’an while paying attention to the accurate meaning of the words is a way to untangle the mystery of some Quranic verses and traditions. Using pictorial translation can provide a more meaningful translation than what Sunni and Shi’ite translators have already stated in their books. The term “Irteqab” in Sunni and Shi’ite exegesis is considered as synonymous with “waiting” so its semantic delicacies are ignored. Comparing Sunni and Shi’ite exegetic theories, it is attempted in this study to delve deep into the ignored points in translation and to analyze the semantics of the term using pictorial interpretative method relying on the Qur’an and the style of the verses in the story of Naqeh Saleh (the miracle camel of Prophet Saleh) in Surah al-Qamar. In addition to maintaining conceptual structure and consistency with the concepts provided by verbal dictionaries, the pictorial interpretative method in this study represents more accurate, tangible, and practical meaning along with the Quranic divine programs for the intended words. Among Sunni and Shi’ite early commentators, Zeyd ibn Ali, Hasan ibn Abi al-Hasan, Abu Sa’iid Khudri, and most importantly Imam Ali (PBUH) have discussed the subject of “Irteqab in Surah Ad-Dukhan” more precisely.

Keywords

• picture exegesis
• semantics of irteqab
• surah al-qamar
• saleh
• sunni and shi’ite exegeses