Diagnostic analysis and clinical treatment strategies for patients with hyperhemolytic syndrome: a case report

Abstract

Objective To analyze a case of hyperhemolytic syndrome(HHS) and explore the laboratory diagnostic method and clinical treatment strategy. Methods Serological tests such as blood typing, direct antiglobulin test(DAT), anti-screening and antibody identification were performed, The complete blood count(CBC), as well as hemolysis indicators such as lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and bilirubin were tested, and the changes and progression of hemolysis were monitored.By using genotyping methods to test 32 common rare blood type antigens in clinical practice, the accuracy of antibody identification results was supported. Results The patient had anti-E antibodies and autoantibodies in her serum. After blood transfusion, LDH and bilirubin increased significantly, but hemoglobin dropped sharply, far lower than before transfusion, presenting with unique manifestations such as hemoglobinuria.The patient made a full recovery after treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. Conclusion HHS is a rare and potentially fatal diseases, which is mainly manifested by hemolysis and severe anemia, and the hemoglobin level after blood transfusion is often lower than that before blood transfusion. This patient had typical clinical manifestations of post-transfusion hyperhemolytic reaction. After timely and correct treatment, the patient recovered completely and was discharged, accumulating valuable clinical experience for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease.

Keywords

• hyperhemolytic syndrome(hhs)
• hemolytic anemia
• autoantibodies
• hemoglobinuria