Association of COVID-19 and Endocrine Disorders

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the coronavirus, since its start in Wuhan a city in China has spread like a wild fire and created havoc all over the globe. Initially, the disease was thought to be causing only respiratory complications, but gradually it was found to be causing multiorgan complications. Due to the hypercoagulable property of coronavirus, it has shown neurological, cardiological and endocrine complications. Recently, the effect of the virus on endocrine system has also been noted. Evidence has shown that COVID-19 can hamper the hypothalamo-pituitary axis resulting in altered adrenal response to stress. The immune-mediated damage to the endocrine glands results in subacute thyroiditis. The presence of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptors on various tissues could be the cause of this immune mediated damage. The COVID-19 has also precipitated hyperglycaemia and in few cases, uncovered the insulin resistance in previously undiagnosed cases. It is crucial to have knowledge about the impact of endocrine system, as it is the powerhouse of the body.

Keywords

• angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors
• coronavirus disease 2019
• cytokine storm
• endocrine system
• hypothalamo-pituitary axis