Nature Communications (May 2024)

Octyl itaconate enhances VSVΔ51 oncolytic virotherapy by multitarget inhibition of antiviral and inflammatory pathways

  • Naziia Kurmasheva,
  • Aida Said,
  • Boaz Wong,
  • Priscilla Kinderman,
  • Xiaoying Han,
  • Anna H. F. Rahimic,
  • Alena Kress,
  • Madalina E. Carter-Timofte,
  • Emilia Holm,
  • Demi van der Horst,
  • Christoph F. Kollmann,
  • Zhenlong Liu,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Huy-Dung Hoang,
  • Elina Kovalenko,
  • Maria Chrysopoulou,
  • Krishna Sundar Twayana,
  • Rasmus N. Ottosen,
  • Esben B. Svenningsen,
  • Fabio Begnini,
  • Anders E. Kiib,
  • Florian E. H. Kromm,
  • Hauke J. Weiss,
  • Daniele Di Carlo,
  • Michela Muscolini,
  • Maureen Higgins,
  • Mirte van der Heijden,
  • Angelina Bardoul,
  • Tong Tong,
  • Attila Ozsvar,
  • Wen-Hsien Hou,
  • Vivien R. Schack,
  • Christian K. Holm,
  • Yunan Zheng,
  • Melanie Ruzek,
  • Joanna Kalucka,
  • Laureano de la Vega,
  • Walid A. M. Elgaher,
  • Anders R. Korshoej,
  • Rongtuan Lin,
  • John Hiscott,
  • Thomas B. Poulsen,
  • Luke A. O’Neill,
  • Dominic G. Roy,
  • Markus M. Rinschen,
  • Nadine van Montfoort,
  • Jean-Simon Diallo,
  • Henner F. Farin,
  • Tommy Alain,
  • David Olagnier

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48422-x
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15, no. 1
pp. 1 – 28

Abstract

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Abstract The presence of heterogeneity in responses to oncolytic virotherapy poses a barrier to clinical effectiveness, as resistance to this treatment can occur through the inhibition of viral spread within the tumor, potentially leading to treatment failures. Here we show that 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a chemical derivative of the Krebs cycle-derived metabolite itaconate, enhances oncolytic virotherapy with VSVΔ51 in various models including human and murine resistant cancer cell lines, three-dimensional (3D) patient-derived colon tumoroids and organotypic brain tumor slices. Furthermore, 4-OI in combination with VSVΔ51 improves therapeutic outcomes in a resistant murine colon tumor model. Mechanistically, we find that 4-OI suppresses antiviral immunity in cancer cells through the modification of cysteine residues in MAVS and IKKβ independently of the NRF2/KEAP1 axis. We propose that the combination of a metabolite-derived drug with an oncolytic virus agent can greatly improve anticancer therapeutic outcomes by direct interference with the type I IFN and NF-κB-mediated antiviral responses.