The concept of introduction and breeding of non-traditional vegetable plants in Siberia

Abstract

The introduction of new vegetable crops in the harsh climate of Siberia presupposes the evaluation of resistance to environmental factors (long day, low temperatures, fungal diseases etc.) limiting the growth of plants, using pre-breeding methods.The studies were carried out in the outdoor and unheated plastic greenhouse conditions of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (CSBS), Novosibirsk (54 ° N 83 ° E) and in the outdoor and the conditions of phytotron of the N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). We used a large collection of species accessions belonging to families Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae and Brassicaceae. It is proposed to use the taxonomically important, stable traits and other features that affect the possibility of scaling up the cultivation of crops in Siberia. Sequential assessment, e. g. asparagus bean includes evaluation of resistance to a long day, cold resistance in the phase of mature male gametophyte in vitro, the composition of pathogenic micromycetes, and the resistance of accessions to them. Also, it is offered to use the symbiotic systems, including the effective strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. and high-yield cultivars with a neutral response to day length and low variation in biochemical composition, for example, the cultivar ‘Sibirskiy razmer’ bred in the CSBS.