Molecules (Aug 2024)
The Role of –OEt Substituents in Molybdenum-Assisted Pentathiepine Formation—Access to Diversely Functionalized Azines
Abstract
1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepines (PTEs) are naturally occurring polysulfides of increasing scientific interest based on their identified pharmacological activities. Artificial PTEs with N-heterocyclic backbones are efficiently synthesized via mediation by a molybdenum–oxo-bistetrasulfido complex. A common feature of all precursor alkynes successfully used to date in this reaction is the presence of a –CH(OEt)2 group since the previously postulated mechanism requires the presence of one OEt– as the leaving group, and the second must become a transient ethoxonium moiety. This raised the question of whether there really is a need for two, maybe only one, or possibly even zero ethoxy substituents. This research problem was systematically addressed by respective variations in the precursor-alkyne derivatives and by employing one related allene species. It was found that the total absence of ethoxy substituents prevents the formation of PTEs entirely, while the presence of a single ethoxy group results in the possibility to distinctly functionalize the position on the resulting N-heterocyclic pyrrole five ring in the target compound. This position was previously exclusively occupied by an –OEt for all products of the molybdenum-mediated reaction. The allene was applied with similar success as precursor as with the related alkyne. The now-employable significant change in precursor composition gives access to a whole new PTE subfamily, allowing further modulation of (physico)-chemical properties such as solubility, and provides additional insight into the mechanism of PTE formation; it comprises a merely partial validation of the previous hypothesis. The new alkyne precursors and pentathiepines were characterized by a variety of instrumental analyses (NMR, mass spec, UV–vis) and in six cases (one alkyne precursor, one unexpected side product, and four PTEs) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Syntheses, isolation procedures, analytical data, and the impact of the findings on the previously proposed mechanism are described in detail herein.
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