The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
SN 2022acko: The First Early Far-ultraviolet Spectra of a Type IIP Supernova
- K. Azalee Bostroem,
- Luc Dessart,
- D. John Hillier,
- Michael Lundquist,
- Jennifer E. Andrews,
- David J. Sand,
- Yize Dong,
- Stefano Valenti,
- Joshua Haislip,
- Emily T. Hoang,
- Griffin Hosseinzadeh,
- Daryl Janzen,
- Jacob E. Jencson,
- Saurabh W. Jha,
- Vladimir Kouprianov,
- Jeniveve Pearson,
- Nicolas E. Meza Retamal,
- Daniel E. Reichart,
- Manisha Shrestha,
- Christopher Ashall,
- E. Baron,
- Peter J. Brown,
- James M. DerKacy,
- Joseph Farah,
- Lluís Galbany,
- J. I. González Hernández,
- Elizabeth Green,
- Peter Hoeflich,
- D. Andrew Howell,
- Lindsey A. Kwok,
- Curtis McCully,
- Tomás E. Müller-Bravo,
- Megan Newsome,
- Estefania Padilla Gonzalez,
- Craig Pellegrino,
- Jeonghee Rho,
- Micalyn Rowe,
- Michaela Schwab,
- Melissa Shahbandeh,
- Nathan Smith,
- Jay Strader,
- Giacomo Terreran,
- Schuyler D. Van Dyk,
- Samuel Wyatt
Affiliations
- K. Azalee Bostroem
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Luc Dessart
- ORCiD
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS-Sorbonne Université , 98 bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
- D. John Hillier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh , 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Michael Lundquist
- ORCiD
- W. M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Māmalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743-8431, USA
- Jennifer E. Andrews
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory , 670 North A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA
- David J. Sand
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Yize Dong
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Stefano Valenti
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Joshua Haislip
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Emily T. Hoang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Griffin Hosseinzadeh
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Daryl Janzen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan , 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Jacob E. Jencson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Saurabh W. Jha
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA
- Vladimir Kouprianov
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Jeniveve Pearson
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Nicolas E. Meza Retamal
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Daniel E. Reichart
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Manisha Shrestha
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Christopher Ashall
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- E. Baron
- ORCiD
- Planetary Science Institute , 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395 USA; Hamburger Sternwarte , Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany; Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma , 440 W. Brooks, Rm 100, Norman, OK 73019-2061, USA
- Peter J. Brown
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- James M. DerKacy
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Joseph Farah
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Lluís Galbany
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya , Gran Capità, 2-4, Edifici Nexus, Desp. 201, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- J. I. González Hernández
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Universidad de La Laguna , Dept. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Elizabeth Green
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Peter Hoeflich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USA
- D. Andrew Howell
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Lindsey A. Kwok
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA
- Curtis McCully
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Tomás E. Müller-Bravo
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya , Gran Capità, 2-4, Edifici Nexus, Desp. 201, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Megan Newsome
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Estefania Padilla Gonzalez
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Craig Pellegrino
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Jeonghee Rho
- ORCiD
- SETI Institute , 339 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Micalyn Rowe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Michaela Schwab
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA
- Melissa Shahbandeh
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA
- Nathan Smith
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Jay Strader
- ORCiD
- Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Giacomo Terreran
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA
- Schuyler D. Van Dyk
- ORCiD
- Caltech/IPAC , Mailcode 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Samuel Wyatt
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , 3910 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195-0002, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace31c
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 953,
no. 2
p. L18
Abstract
We present five far- and near-ultraviolet spectra of the Type II plateau supernova, SN 2022acko, obtained 5, 6, 7, 19, and 21 days after explosion, all observed with the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. The first three epochs are earlier than any Type II plateau supernova has been observed in the far-ultraviolet revealing unprecedented characteristics. These three spectra are dominated by strong lines, primarily from metals, which contrasts with the featureless early optical spectra. The flux decreases over the initial time series as the ejecta cool and line blanketing takes effect. We model this unique data set with the non–local thermodynamic equilibrium radiation transport code CMFGEN , finding a good match to the explosion of a low-mass red supergiant with energy E _kin = 6 × 10 ^50 erg. With these models we identify, for the first time, the ions that dominate the early ultraviolet spectra. We present optical photometry and spectroscopy, showing that SN 2022acko has a peak absolute magnitude of V = − 15.4 mag and plateau length of ∼115 days. The spectra closely resemble those of SN 2005cs and SN 2012A. Using the combined optical and ultraviolet spectra, we report the fraction of flux as a function of bluest wavelength on days 5, 7, and 19. We create a spectral time-series of Type II supernovae in the ultraviolet, demonstrating the rapid decline of flux over the first few weeks of evolution. Future observations of Type II supernovae are required to map out the landscape of exploding red supergiants, with and without circumstellar material, which is best revealed in high-quality ultraviolet spectra.
Keywords
