Factors associated with poor outcome for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in a series of 334 patients

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluates care-related sociodemographic, clinical, and imaging factors and influences associated with outcome at discharge in patients with aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Patients and method: Retrospective cohort study in 334 patients treated at Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras in Havana, Cuba between October 2005 and June 2014. Results: Logistic regression analysis determined that the following factors were associated with higher risk of poor outcome: age older than 65 years (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.79-5.7, P = .031), female sex (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.22-3.84, P = .0067), systolic hypertension (OR 4.82, 95% CI 2.27-9.8, P = .0001), and hyperglycaemia at admission (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.10-7.53, P = .0003). Certain complications were also associated with poor prognosis, including respiratory infection (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27-5.85, P = .0085), electrolyte disturbances (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.33-8.28, P = .0073), hydrocephalus (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.05-4.63, P = .0039), rebleeding (OR 16.50, 95% CI 8.24-41.24, P = .0000), symptomatic vasospasm (OR 19.00, 95% CI 8.86-41.24, P = .0000), cerebral ischaemia (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.87-7.80, P = .000) and multiplex rebleeding (OR 6.69, 95% CI 1.35-36.39, P = .0019). Grades of iii and iv on the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.12-3.91, P = .0021) and Fisher scales (OR 5.18, 95% CI 2.65-10.29, P = .0008) were also related to poor outcome. Conclusions: Outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage was related to age, sex, clinical status at admission to the stroke unit, imaging findings according to the Fisher scale, blood pressure, glycaemia and such complications as electrolyte disturbances, hydrocephalus, rebleeding, and multiplex rebleeding. Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos, imagenológicos y relacionados con la atención médica que influyen sobre el pronóstico de los pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática al alta hospitalaria. Pacientes y método: Se realizó un estudio tipo cohorte, retrospectivo, con 334 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras en La Habana, Cuba, en el periodo comprendido entre octubre de 2005 y junio de 2014. Resultados: En el análisis multivariado se encontró que los factores asociados a una evolución desfavorable fueron la edad mayor a 65 años (OR 3,51, IC 95% 1,79-5,7, p = 0,031), el sexo femenino (OR 2,17, IC 95% 1,22-3,84, p = 0,0067), la HTA sistólica (OR 4,82, IC 95% 2,27-9,8, p = 0,0001), la hiperglucemia al ingreso (OR 3,93, IC 95% 2,10-7,53, p = 0,0003), las complicaciones como la sepsis respiratoria (OR 2,73, IC 95% 1,27-5,85, p = 0,0085), los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos (OR 3,33, IC 95% 1,33-8,28, p = 0,0073), la hidrocefalia (OR 2,21, IC 95% 1,05-4,63, p = 0,0039), el resangrado (OR 16,50, IC 95% 8,24-41,24, p = 0,0000), el vasoespasmo sintomático (OR 19,00, IC 95% 8,86-41,24, p = 0,0000), el infarto cerebral (OR 3,82, IC 95% 1,87-7,80, p = 0,0000), el resangrado múltiple (OR 6,69, IC 95% 1,35-36,39, p = 0,0019), así como los grados iii y iv de las escalas de la Federación Mundial de Neurocirujanos (OR 2,09, IC 95% 1,12-3,91, p = 0,0021) y de Fisher (OR 5,18, IC 95% 2,65-10,29, p = 0,0008). Conclusiones: La evolución de la hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática está relacionada con la edad, el sexo, el estado clínico al arribo a la unidad de ictus, así como las características imagenológicas según la escala de Fisher, las cifras de tensión arterial y de glucemia, y las complicaciones como los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos, la hidrocefalia, el resangrado, el vasoespasmo y el resangrado múltiple. Keywords: Cerebrovascular disease, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Intracranial aneurysm, Complication, Rankin scale, Outcome, Palabras clave: Enfermedad cerebrovascular, Hemorragia subaracnoidea, Aneurisma intracraneal, Complicaciones, Escala de Rankin, Evolución