Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome Presenting Acute Kidney Injury with Extreme Hyperuricemia and Urinary Stone: A Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Abstract

Tumor lysis syndrome is a serious complication of malignancy, resulting from the massive and rapid release of cellular components into the blood. Generally, it occurs after initiation of chemotherapy. The onset of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) before anti-cancer treatment is rare and occurs mostly in Burkitt lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. There are only a few case reports in children. Here, we report a case of STLS secondary to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which presented with urinary stone and subsequent acute kidney injury with severe hyperuricemia. Occult malignancy should be considered in case of unexplained acute kidney injury with extreme hyperuricemia.

Keywords

• acute kidney injury
• hyperuricemia
• spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome
• renal stone