Transition metal elements-doped SnO2 for ultrasensitive and rapid ppb-level formaldehyde sensing
Zejun Han,
Yunxiang Tang,
Guixia Lu,
Yuan Qi,
Hao Wu,
Zhengyi Yang,
Hecheng Han,
Xue Zhang,
Lili Wu,
Zhou Wang,
Jiurong Liu,
Fenglong Wang
Affiliations
Zejun Han
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
Yunxiang Tang
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
Guixia Lu
School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, China; Corresponding author.
Yuan Qi
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
Hao Wu
School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Zhengyi Yang
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
Hecheng Han
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
Xue Zhang
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
Lili Wu
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; Corresponding author.
Zhou Wang
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
Jiurong Liu
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; Corresponding author.
Fenglong Wang
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Nanshan High-tech Zone, Shenzhen, China; Corresponding author. Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
Pristine SnO2, Fe-doped SnO2 and Ni-doped SnO2 were synthesized using facile hydrothermal method. Analysis based on XRD, TEM and UV–Vis DRS measurements demonstrated the successful insertion of Fe and Ni dopants into SnO2 crystal. Formaldehyde-detection measurements revealed that transition metal-doped SnO2 exhibited improved formaldehyde-sensing properties compared with that of pristine SnO2. When the amount of incorporated dopant (Fe or Ni) was 4 at.%, the most effective enhancement on sensing performance of SnO2 was obtained. At 160 °C, the 4 at.% Fe–SnO2 and 4 at.% Ni–SnO2 exhibited higher response values of 7.52 and 4.37 with exposure to low-concentration formaldehyde, respectively, which were 2.4 and 1.4 times higher than that of pristine SnO2. The change of electronic structure and crystal structure as well as catalytic effect of transition metals are chiefly responsible for the enhanced sensing properties.
