Prospective Study on Histopathological Spectrum of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Lesions in a Teaching Hospital of Southern India

Abstract

Introduction: The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (UGIT) disorders are quite common in routine clinical practice and have high degree of morbidity and mortality. They can be studied by collecting tissue sample by way of fiberoptic endoscope and by subjecting the tissue to histopathological examination. Aim: To study the spectrum of histopathological lesions of UGIT lesions by endoscopy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the Department of Pathology at PSIMS, Chinna Avutapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India, over a period of one year from March 2019 to February 2020 on 160 endoscopic biopsies. All UGIT endoscopic biopsies received were examined histopathologically. The data was entered into excel sheets and percentages and ratios were calculated. Results: Lesions of UGIT were more common in the age groups of 31 to 50 years and the male to female ratio was 1.9:1. The patient age ranged from 20 years to 78 years. Stomach was the common site for UGIT endoscopic biopsies i.e., 80 (50%) followed by oesophagus 50 (31.2%) and then duodenum 30 (18.7%). At all three sites, non-neoplastic lesions predominated over neoplastic lesions. The gastric malignancies were more common in antral and pyloric regions. Conclusion: Males in the fourth and fifth decades are more prone for UGIT lesions with predominance of chronic nonspecific inflammatory conditions as compared to neoplastic conditions. Malignancy within the stomach, more commonly affects the antrum and pylorus. Malignant lesions are very rare in duodenum.

Keywords

• biopsy
• gastritis
• gastrointestinal endoscopy
• histopathology
• oesophageal neoplasms