Frontiers in Psychiatry (Jun 2023)

Association of sleep behavior with depression: a cross-sectional study in northwestern China

  • Jingchun Liu,
  • Jingchun Liu,
  • Jingchun Liu,
  • Jingchun Liu,
  • Suixia Cao,
  • Suixia Cao,
  • Suixia Cao,
  • Suixia Cao,
  • Yating Huo,
  • Yating Huo,
  • Yating Huo,
  • Yating Huo,
  • Huimeng Liu,
  • Yutong Wang,
  • Yutong Wang,
  • Yutong Wang,
  • Yutong Wang,
  • Binyan Zhang,
  • Binyan Zhang,
  • Binyan Zhang,
  • Binyan Zhang,
  • Kun Xu,
  • Kun Xu,
  • Kun Xu,
  • Kun Xu,
  • Peiying Yang,
  • Peiying Yang,
  • Peiying Yang,
  • Peiying Yang,
  • Lingxia Zeng,
  • Lingxia Zeng,
  • Lingxia Zeng,
  • Lingxia Zeng,
  • Shaonong Dang,
  • Shaonong Dang,
  • Shaonong Dang,
  • Shaonong Dang,
  • Hong Yan,
  • Hong Yan,
  • Hong Yan,
  • Hong Yan,
  • Baibing Mi,
  • Baibing Mi,
  • Baibing Mi,
  • Baibing Mi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1171310
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14

Abstract

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BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the association between sleep duration, sleep problems, and depression in Northwest China.MethodDepression was diagnosed at the hospital and self-reported by the participants in the baseline survey. Sleep duration and problems, including difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, daytime dysfunction, use of sleeping pills or drugs, and any sleep problems, were obtained by a self-reported questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for exploring the association between sleep duration, sleep problems, and depression, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and health behaviors. The association between depression and sleep duration was also evaluated continuously with restricted cubic spline curves based on logistic models.Results36,515 adults from Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China were included. About 24.04% of participants reported short sleep duration (<7 h), and 15.64% reported long sleep duration (≥9 h). Compared with standard sleep duration (7–9 h), short sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of depression (OR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.26–2.27, p = 0.001). Self-reported sleep problems were also related to four times depression risk increased (OR: 4.02, 95%CI: 3.03–5.35, p < 0.001) compared with no sleep problems. In addition, a nonlinear relationship was found between sleep duration and depression after adjusting covariates (p = 0.043).ConclusionSleep duration and sleep problems are associated with depression. Enough sleep time and healthy sleep habits in life course might be a practical health promotion approach to reduce depression risk in Northwest Chinese adults. A further study from cohort study is needed to verify the temporal association.

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