Fruit Quality Parameters, Sugars, Vitamin C, Antioxidant Activity, Organic Acids, and Phenolic Compounds for a New Endemic Apple Variety, “Long Apple”

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the quality characteristics and bioactive components of the local variety “Long Apple”. Although it is a very delicious and popular old apple variety, the knowledge about “Long Apple” is very insufficient. In this study, fruit quality parameters, organic acids, vitamin C, sugar components, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of the endemic apple “Long Apple” were determined as follows: chlorogenic acid, catechin, syringic acid, and o—coumaric acids, 117.68, 35.11, 22.71, and 15.54 mg kg−1fw, respectively; vitamin c 135.67 mg L−1, total sugar 196.29 g L−1; malic, succinic, and citric acid 10.50, 2.88, and 2.13 g 100g−1, respectively; fruit weight 139.11 g, hardness 8.27 kg cm−2, shape index 1.42, and soluble solid content 16.70%; antioxidant capacity 3.30 µmol g−1 TE were the highest. Except for fruit size and shape, the “Long Apple” genotypes outperformed Starking Delicious based on quality parameters and bioactive properties. The genotypes of “Long Apple” are separated by different parameters, but the genotypes 36K093, 36K094, and 36K106 are more prominent than others. In addition to its health benefits, the “Long Apple” has valuable properties for researchers. Therefore, increased research on “Long Apple” has been recommended.

Keywords

• Apple genetic resources
• genetic diversity
• bioactive components
• Kağızman
• clonal selection
• <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh