Indoor Positioning Design for Mobile Phones via Integrating a Single Microphone Sensor and an <i>H</i>₂ Estimator

Abstract

An indoor positioning design developed for mobile phones by integrating a single microphone sensor, an H2 estimator, and tagged sound sources, all with distinct frequencies, is proposed in this investigation. From existing practical experiments, the results summarize a key point for achieving a satisfactory indoor positioning: The estimation accuracy of the instantaneous sound pressure level (SPL) that is inevitably affected by random variations of environmental corruptions dominates the indoor positioning performance. Following this guideline, the proposed H2 estimation design, accompanied by a sound pressure level model, is developed for effectively mitigating the influences of received signal strength (RSS) variations caused by reverberation, reflection, refraction, etc. From the simulation results and practical tests, the proposed design delivers a highly promising indoor positioning performance: an average positioning RMS error of 0.75 m can be obtained, even under the effects of heavy environmental corruptions.

Keywords

• indoor positioning design
• sound pressure level
• received signal strength
• <i>H</i>₂ estimator
• energy consumption