WATER MAGNETIC PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AGAINST SALT DEPOSITION: THEORY AND PRACTICE

Abstract

The relevance of this research is determined by the widespread use of water georesources as working fluids in hydro- and heat power engineering, in heat supply and cooling systems.In this case, it is often required to carry out technological water treatment before using in the main production cycle. In particular, water needs to be cleaned of colloidal, scale-forming and gaseous impurities. The greatest difficulty is the water treatment from hardness salts, that is, its softening. Calcium and magnesium salts usually precipitate on heat exchange surfaces with the formation of scale, that leads to a sharp decrease in the efficiency of the heat exchange equipment, excessive fuel consumption and frequent stops for cleaning. Descaling is usually done by acid washing of the internal heat exchange surfaces or mechanically. All these methods involve the use of a large number of chemical reagents, and strongly pollute wastewater from water treatment units. In addition, it significantly increases operating costs. The purpose of this research is to theoretically describe the electrochemical processes that occur in installations with permanent toroidal magnets when passing a stream of water with hardness salts dissolved in it, as well as to analyze the practical operation experience of such installations. Objects: toroidal magnetic system, magnetic field, salt ions contained in water, magnetic water treatment units. Methods: toroidal electrodynamics; experiments on the interaction of toroidal electromagnetic objects; hypotheses about electrochemical processes occurring in a water stream flowing along the axis of a magnetic toroid; experiments to test these hypotheses; theory explaining magnetic water treatment technology; analysis of the «Magnust» apparatus long-term operating. Results. The paper introduces the theoretical explanation of the magnetic water treatment technology using toroidal magnetic installations and describes the electrochemical processes occurring at the stage of magnetic treatment and the subsequent stage of heating magnetized water. It is shown that ions of different signs drift in mutually opposite directions in the magnetic field presence. For this reason, the formation of calcium and magnesium hydrocarbonate on the heat exchange surface is difficult. As a result, the deposition of carbonates on heated surfaces does not occur. The authors have determined the most effective design of the magnetic installation and its optimal parameters as well. The paper introduces the information on the «Magnust» apparatus operation at several civil and industrial facilities.

Keywords

• electrochemistry
• salt deposition
• toroidal magnet
• magnetic field
• magnetic force
• magnetic installation