The X-Linked-Intellectual-Disability-Associated Ubiquitin Ligase Mid2 Interacts with Astrin and Regulates Astrin Levels to Promote Cell Division
Ankur A. Gholkar,
Silvia Senese,
Yu-Chen Lo,
Edmundo Vides,
Ely Contreras,
Emmanuelle Hodara,
Joseph Capri,
Julian P. Whitelegge,
Jorge Z. Torres
Affiliations
Ankur A. Gholkar
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Silvia Senese
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Yu-Chen Lo
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Edmundo Vides
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Ely Contreras
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Emmanuelle Hodara
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Joseph Capri
Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Julian P. Whitelegge
Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Jorge Z. Torres
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Mid1 and Mid2 are ubiquitin ligases that regulate microtubule dynamics and whose mutation is associated with X-linked developmental disorders. We show that astrin, a microtubule-organizing protein, co-purifies with Mid1 and Mid2, has an overlapping localization with Mid1 and Mid2 at intercellular bridge microtubules, is ubiquitinated by Mid2 on lysine 409, and is degraded during cytokinesis. Mid2 depletion led to astrin stabilization during cytokinesis, cytokinetic defects, multinucleated cells, and cell death. Similarly, expression of a K409A mutant astrin in astrin-depleted cells led to the accumulation of K409A on intercellular bridge microtubules and an increase in cytokinetic defects, multinucleated cells, and cell death. These results indicate that Mid2 regulates cell division through the ubiquitination of astrin on K409, which is critical for its degradation and proper cytokinesis. These results could help explain how mutation of MID2 leads to misregulation of microtubule organization and the downstream disease pathology associated with X-linked intellectual disabilities.
