Phospholipid Nanoemulsion-Based Ocular Lubricant for the Treatment of Dry Eye Subtypes: A Multicenter and Prospective Study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition of the ocular surface (OS) characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis, ocular discomfort, and vision disturbances. Most available ocular lubricants target the aqueous deficiency of the tear, restoring only this layer, leaving the tear lipid stratum deficient, as occurs in most patients with evaporative DED. An innovative propylene glycol-hydroxypropyl guar enriched with a phospholipid nanoemulsion (PG-HPG-PH-N) is indicated to restore deficiencies in both the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film, and its composition was designed to increase lubricant retention on the OS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, through the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and clinical assessment, the treatment of patients who had DED due to aqueous deficiency arising from mixed or evaporative DED subtypes with a PG-HPG-PH-N ocular lubricant at a reduced frequency of twice a day, in a prospective, multicenter, and single-arm study. Methods Patients were screened from days − 7 to 0, and from day 1 (baseline and first day of treatment) to day 28 of treatment with this lubricant. After visit 1 (screening visit, days − 7 to 0), designed as pre-treatment OS assessment, patients returned to their research center on days 14 and 28 of treatment for a complete assessment, including anamnesis, the OSDI, corrected visual acuity, tear breakup time (TFBUT), OS staining evaluation, tolerability index, and environmental exposure questionnaire. Results Seventy patients were enrolled in this study (60 women, 10 men), with a mean age of 45 (range 27–64) years. TFBUT results showed an improvement in tear film stability as vital dyes sodium fluorescein and lysamine green showed a decrease in corneal staining after 14 and 28 days of treatment. No significant adverse events were reported, demonstrating the good tolerability of the lubricant. Conclusions The PG-HPG-PH-N nanoemulsion can be considered to be a safe and effective ocular lubricant for treating DED due to aqueous deficiency, both mixed and evaporative subtypes. Trial Registration Brazilian National Research Ethics Commission (ReBEC registration number 16055).

Keywords

• Dry eye disease
• Dry eye subtypes
• Lubricant
• Phospholipid nanoemulsion