Zaburzenia hazardowe – rozpowszechnienie, oferta terapeutyczna, dostępność leczenia i predyktory podjęcia leczenia. Przegląd literatury

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the review is to present the complexity of issues related to treatment of gambling disorders, including definition of gambling and diagnostic criteria, the coexistence of gambling disorders and other disorders, epidemiology of the phenomenon, the prevalence of help seeking, the therapeutic offer for gamblers and its effectiveness, motivations and barriers to treatment. Material and method: The review of the literature was conducted using the MEDLINE database and Google Scholar. Two general search terms: “gambling” and “treatment” were used, and exploration was limited to 2000–2014. A total number of 96 publications were included in the review. Results: The legalisation of gambling contributed to a growth in the social acceptance for this type of behaviour. Gambling disorders are often associated with mental disorders (mood, neurotic and personality disorders), and psychoactive substance dependence. The vast majority of gamblers do not seek treatment and about one third of them recover without professional help. Among those who decided on treatment, participation in the Gamblers Anonymous meetings is the most preferred form. Cognitive behavioural therapy, brief interventions and controlled gambling are effective forms of treatment as confirmed by evaluation studies. Gamblers decide to take treatment mainly for economic reasons or because of concerns about their mental and physical health. Barriers to treatment are primarily gamblers’ beliefs that they can solve their problems themselves, shame, fear of stigma, lack of information on what the treatment is and doubts about its effectiveness and quality.

Keywords

• hazard
• leczenie
• dostępność
• motywy
• bariery