The Valorization of Spanish Minority Grapevine Varieties—The Volatile Profile of Their Wines as a Characterization Feature
Ángela Díaz-Fernández,
Sandra Cortés-Diéguez,
Gregorio Muñoz-Organero,
Félix Cabello,
Belén Puertas,
Anna Puig-Pujol,
Carme Domingo,
M. Esperanza Valdés-Sánchez,
Daniel Moreno Cardona,
José Félix Cibriain,
Oier Dañobeitia-Artabe,
José-Antonio Rubio-Cano,
Jesús Martínez-Gascueña,
Adela Mena-Morales,
Camilo Chirivella,
Jesús-Juan Usón,
Emilia Díaz-Losada
Affiliations
Ángela Díaz-Fernández
Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia-AGACAL, Ponte San Clodio s/n, 32428 Leiro-Ourense, Spain
Sandra Cortés-Diéguez
Biotecnología Industrial e Ingeniería Ambiental, BiotecnIA, Edificio Campus Auga, Campus Sur, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
Gregorio Muñoz-Organero
Institute of Rural, Agrarian and Food Research and Development of Madrid (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, Ctra. A-2 km 38, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Félix Cabello
Institute of Rural, Agrarian and Food Research and Development of Madrid (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, Ctra. A-2 km 38, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Belén Puertas
Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera y de la Producción Ecológica, Ctra. Cañada de la Loba (CA-3101) Pk. 3.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
Anna Puig-Pujol
Catalan Institute of Vine and Wine—Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (INCAVI-IRTA), Plaça Àgora 2, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedés, Spain
Carme Domingo
Catalan Institute of Vine and Wine—Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (INCAVI-IRTA), Plaça Àgora 2, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedés, Spain
M. Esperanza Valdés-Sánchez
Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Food and Agriculture, Technology Institute of Extremadura (INTAEX), Avenue Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
Daniel Moreno Cardona
Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Food and Agriculture, Technology Institute of Extremadura (INTAEX), Avenue Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
José Félix Cibriain
Estación de Viticultura y Enología de Navarra (EVENA), C. del Valle de Orba, 34, 31390 Olite, Spain
Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACYL), Finca Zamadueñas, Ctra. Burgos km. 119, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
Jesús Martínez-Gascueña
Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain
Adela Mena-Morales
Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain
Camilo Chirivella
Servicio de Producción Ecológica e Innovación, Instituto Tecnológico de Viticultura y Enología, Av. del General Pereyra, 4, 46340 Requena, Spain
Jesús-Juan Usón
Centro Transferencia Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Avda. de Movera S/N, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
Emilia Díaz-Losada
Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia-AGACAL, Ponte San Clodio s/n, 32428 Leiro-Ourense, Spain
Despite the large number of existing varieties of Vitis vinifera L., only few occupy a large niche in today’s highly globalized wine market. The increasing consumer demand for diversified products, as well as the changing climatic conditions, make establishing a process of varietal diversification essential to achieve both challenges. It is for this reason that the study of minority varieties, which have a higher level of adaptation to each area of origin, is of particular interest. With the main objective of achieving an in-depth knowledge of minority varieties in Spain, the national research project ‘Valorization of Minority Grapevine Varieties for their Potential for Wine Diversification and Resilience to Climate Change’ (MINORVIN), has been proposed. Within this extensive project, the present study describes the aroma profiles of 60 single-variety wines, corresponding with 44 different varieties, with 12 of these varieties being studied at the same time in several Spanish regions. Volatile compounds were determined through three consecutive vintages using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Compounds were grouped into major compounds, including alcohols, C6 compounds, esters, acetates, acids, carbonyl compounds, and other type of compounds, and minor compounds, including lactones, terpenes, and C13-norisoprenoids, according to their concentration in the wines being analyzed. Among this last group of compounds, lactones were quantitatively the most abundant, followed by terpenes. This study reflects that minority variety wines show distinctive aromatic profiles, supporting the importance of valuing and promoting the autochthonous minority grapevine varieties for the Spanish winemaking industry.