Estimation of Energy Intake by a Food Frequency Questionnaire: Calibration and Validation with the Doubly Labeled Water Method in Japanese Older People
Daiki Watanabe,
Hinako Nanri,
Hiroyuki Sagayama,
Tsukasa Yoshida,
Aya Itoi,
Miwa Yamaguchi,
Keiichi Yokoyama,
Yuya Watanabe,
Chiho Goto,
Naoyuki Ebine,
Yasuki Higaki,
Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata,
Misaka Kimura,
Yosuke Yamada,
Kyoto-Kameoka Study Group
Affiliations
Daiki Watanabe
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Hinako Nanri
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Hiroyuki Sagayama
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
Tsukasa Yoshida
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Aya Itoi
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Miwa Yamaguchi
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Keiichi Yokoyama
Laboratory of Applied Health Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
Yuya Watanabe
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Chiho Goto
Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Aichi 492-8520, Japan
Naoyuki Ebine
Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
Yasuki Higaki
Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Misaka Kimura
Laboratory of Applied Health Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
Yosuke Yamada
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Kyoto-Kameoka Study Group
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
Accurate assessments of a target population’s energy intake (EI) are essential to prevent poor nutritional status. However, self-reported dietary records (DRs) or food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are not always accurate, thereby requiring validation and calibration studies. This study aimed to validate the EI estimated by a FFQ using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Participants were 109 Japanese older adults (50 women and 59 men) aged 65−88 years. The EI was obtained by a DR and 47-item FFQ over 1 year. The total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by DLW for ~2 weeks. EI was significantly lower than TEE (p < 0.01); ratios of EI assessed by DR and FFQ against TEE were 0.91 ± 0.17 and 0.82 ± 0.22, respectively. TEE was significantly and moderately correlated with the EI estimated by the DR (r = 0.45, p < 0.01) and FFQ (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the EI correlation coefficients estimated by DR and the FFQ in this study were not significantly different (p = 0.46). The EI/TEE ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with the body mass index (BMI). In conclusion, EI estimated with a DR or FFQ modestly correlated with TEE, and calibrating EI with a developed equation in this study can attenuate the underestimation of EI.