Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia (Jun 2011)
Prevalência de escoliose idiopática e variáveis associadas em escolares do ensino fundamental de escolas municipais de Cuiabá, MT, 2002 Prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis and associated variables in schoolchildren of elementary public schools in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, 2002
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de escoliose idiopática e variáveis associadas em escolares do ensino público fundamental. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal em duas fases, sendo a primeira nas salas de aula, com teste de Adams. Os que apresentaram Adams positivo foram convidados para a segunda fase, que constou de entrevista para fatores associados e exames para escoliose. Aqueles com teste confirmado nessa fase foram radiografados para escoliose e outras alterações. Para cálculo de prevalência utilizou-se, como ponto de corte, curvas > 5 e > 10 graus Cobb. RESULTADOS: Na primeira fase contaram-se 382 escolares com teste Adams positivo; destes, 210 compareceram para a segunda fase, sendo 142 com o teste confirmado. Comparando-se as variáveis idade, sexo e cor da pele, pelo teste de Qui-quadrado, do grupo das perdas (n = 172) com aqueles que atenderam ao convite (n = 210), não observamos diferenças com significância estatística, permitindo a validade para a amostra estudada (n = 3.105). A prevalência estimada de escoliose foi de 5,3% para curvas > 5 graus Cobb, e de 2,2% para curvas > 10 graus Cobb. Curva torácica foi observada em 44,8%, Risser grau 1 em 97,4% e 13,2% de rotação vertebral grau I. Observou-se significância estatística (p OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis and its associated factors in schoolchildren of elementary public schools. METHODS: Cross sectional two-phase study, the first of which in classrooms. Those considered Adams positive were invited for the second phase, which consisted of an interview for associated factors and a scoliosis exam. Those with a confirmed test in the second phase were submitted to x-rays for scoliosis and other factors. To estimate the prevalence, curves with > 5 and > 10 Cobb degrees were used as cut off. RESULTS: In the first phase, 382 students were counted as Adams positive; of these 210 came for the second phase, 142 of which with a confirmed test. Using a chi-square test to compare the variables age, sex and color of the lost group (n = 172) to the group that accepted the invitation (n = 210), no statistical significance was observed, allowing statistical inference for the sample studied (n = 3,105). The estimated prevalence of scoliosis in the sample studied was 5.3% for curves > 5 Cobb degrees and 2.2% for curves > 10 Cobb degrees. Thoracic curves were observed in 44.8%, Risser grade 1 in 97.4%, and vertebral rotation degree I in 3.2%. Statistical significance was observed (p < 0.05) for the association of scoliosis with: physical activity, hump, and flexibility of the spine to the right. CONCLUSION: The estimated prevalence of scoliosis in our study is comparable to those from other studies. However, its diagnosis and follow-up are important to health promotion and to the prevention of more severe disorders.
Keywords
