Diaphragm Involvement in Heart Failure: Mere Consequence of Hypoperfusion or Mediated by HF-Related Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Storms?

• Jens Spiesshoefer,
• Jens Spiesshoefer,
• Matthias Boentert,
• Izabela Tuleta,
• Alberto Giannoni,
• Alberto Giannoni,
• Daniel Langer,
• Hans Joachim Kabitz

Affiliations

Jens Spiesshoefer

Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

Jens Spiesshoefer

Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology With Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

Matthias Boentert

Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology With Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

Izabela Tuleta

Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany

Alberto Giannoni

Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

Alberto Giannoni

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, National Research Council, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy

Daniel Langer

Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Respiratory Division, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium

Hans Joachim Kabitz

Department of Pneumology, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany