Scientific Reports (Oct 2021)

Risk factors for the development of esophageal candidiasis among patients in community hospital

  • Hideyuki Ogiso,
  • Seiji Adachi,
  • Masatoshi Mabuchi,
  • Yohei Horibe,
  • Tomohiko Ohno,
  • Yusuke Suzuki,
  • Osamu Yamauchi,
  • Takao Kojima,
  • Eri Takada,
  • Midori Iwama,
  • Koshiro Saito,
  • Takuji Iwashita,
  • Takashi Ibuka,
  • Ichiro Yasuda,
  • Masahito Shimizu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00132-w
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 1
pp. 1 – 7

Abstract

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Abstract The aim of this study was to clarify risk factors for esophageal candidiasis (EC) in immunocompetent patients in a community hospital. 7736 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at our hospital from April 2012 to July 2018 were enrolled. The relationships between EC and the following factors: age, gender, body mass index, lifestyle, lifestyle-related diseases, medication, and endoscopic findings were analyzed. EC was observed in 184 of 7736 cases (2.4% morbidity rate). Multivariate analysis revealed that significant risk factors for the development of EC were: diabetes mellitus {odds ratio (OR): 1.52}, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR: 1.69), atrophic gastritis (AG) (OR: 1.60), advanced gastric cancer (OR: 4.66), and gastrectomy (OR: 2.32). When severe EC (Kodsi grade ≥ II) was compared to mild EC (grade I), the most significant risk factors were advanced gastric cancer (OR: 17.6) and gastrectomy (OR: 23.4). When considering the risk of AG and PPI use with EC development, the risk increased as follows: AG (OR: 1.59), PPI use (OR: 2.25), and both (OR: 3.13). PPI use, AG, advanced gastric cancer and post-gastrectomy are critical risk factors for the development of EC. We suggest close monitoring for EC development when PPIs are administered to patients with these factors.