Psychology Research and Behavior Management (Feb 2024)
The Misprediction of Helpers in Comforting Situations and Its Mechanism
Abstract
Ruochen Wang,1,2 Li Li,1 Jiqiang He1 1School of Public Policy and Administration, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Li Li, Email [email protected]: As a prosocial behavior, comforting behavior can prompt individuals to provide emotional support to others. After the comforting behavior, the comforter may estimate the consoled individual’s reaction, and this prediction will influence their future behavior. According to social cognition theory, competence dominates self-cognition, and warmth dominates the cognition of others, which impacts the prediction accuracy of comforters. They may overestimate the negative reaction of the consoled. This misprediction has also been confirmed for other prosocial behaviors, such as helping behavior and sharing behavior.Methods: In this study, 337 Chinese college students were investigated by convenience sampling. Through one real-world experiment and three imaginary-situation experiments, this study explored the phenomenon, effects and causes of the comforter’s misprediction in the comfort condition.Results: SPSS 23.0 and statistical methods such as analysis of variance, an independent sample t-test and an intermediary test were used. The comforters overestimated the negative responses and underestimated the positive responses of the recipients, and the intensity of this misprediction increased in the comfort failure condition. The comforters’ misprediction arose because the recipients were more concerned with the warmth dimension of the comforters, whereas the comforters were more inclined to focus on their own competence dimension.Conclusion: The comforter’s prediction of the consoled’s response was more negative than the actual situation, and this misprediction was more obvious when the consolation failed, which can be explained by social cognition theory. This study provides an understanding of how to relieve the psychological stress of comforters.Keywords: misprediction, social cognition, comforting behavior, prosocial behavior
