Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University: Series Medicine (Apr 2022)
Modern methods of surgical hearing prosthesis
Abstract
Resume. In recent years, the number of patients with hearing impairments around the world is constantly increasing. The WHO estimates that the unresolved problem of hearing loss costs the world 980 billion US dollars annually. Currently, the number of children and adults with sensorineural hearing loss has increased significantly. The aim of the work is to investigate the consequences of hearing loss in humans, and to describe current surgical methods of solving the problem based on scientific analysis of modern literature. Materials and methods. A comprehensive search of relevant literature sources was conducted in December 2021 using such electronic databases as RubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, U.S. National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials, Research Gate and Cocharane Library. Results. Despite the high-tech diagnostic capabilities of modern medicine, the study of etiology, prevention and correction of various hearing impairments in people of all ages take a paramount role in the modern medical community. Hearing aids are not able to transmit the full range of the sound palette to a person who is hard of hearing. In the analysis of the studied literature, modern surgical methods of correction of hearing disorders are cochlear implantation, bone-conducting system of sound conduction and brain-stem implantation. Each method has advantages, indications and features of rehabilitation. Restoration of hearing for a deaf child / adult is the result of the teamwork of psychologists, audiologists, otosurgeons/neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, engineers and rehabilitation specialists. Conclusion. Hearing plays one of the most important roles in the formation and development of any society, transfer of accumulated knowledge from generation to generation through the formation of speech and communication skills. For timely detection of hearing impairment, on-time correction and rehabilitation measures, pediatricians and family doctors must know how to correct hearing impairment, taking into account modern medical and digital technologies.
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