Clinical dosage of meclozine promotes longitudinal bone growth, bone volume, and trabecular bone quality in transgenic mice with achondroplasia

Abstract

Abstract Achondroplasia (ACH) is the most common short-limbed skeletal dysplasia caused by gain-of-function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). No effective FGFR3-targeted therapies for ACH are currently available. By drug repositioning strategies, we identified that meclozine, which has been used as an anti-motion-sickness, suppressed FGFR3 signaling in chondrocytes and rescued short-limbed phenotype in ACH mouse model. Here, we conducted various pharmacological tests for future clinical application in ACH. Pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated that peak drug concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 2 mg/kg of meclozine to mice was lower than that of 25 mg/body to human, which is a clinical usage for anti-motion-sickness. Pharmacokinetic simulation studies showed that repeated dose of 2 mg/kg of meclozine showed no accumulation effects. Short stature phenotype in the transgenic mice was significantly rescued by twice-daily oral administration of 2 mg/kg/day of meclozine. In addition to stimulation of longitudinal bone growth, bone volume and metaphyseal trabecular bone quality were improved by meclozine treatment. We confirmed a preclinical proof of concept for applying meclozine for the treatment of short stature in ACH, although toxicity and adverse events associated with long-term administration of this drug should be examined.