A comprehensive review of electrochemical hybrid power supply systems and intelligent energy managements for unmanned aerial vehicles in public services
Caizhi Zhang,
Yuqi Qiu,
Jiawei Chen,
Yuehua Li,
Zhitao Liu,
Yang Liu,
Jiujun Zhang,
Chan Siew Hwa
Affiliations
Caizhi Zhang
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing Automotive Collaborative Innovation Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Corresponding authors.
Yuqi Qiu
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing Automotive Collaborative Innovation Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
Jiawei Chen
College of Automation, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Complex System Safety and Control, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
Yuehua Li
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
Zhitao Liu
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
Yang Liu
Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan Province, China; Corresponding authors.
Jiujun Zhang
Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan Province, China; Corresponding authors.
Chan Siew Hwa
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
The electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are rapidly growing due to their abilities to perform some difficult or dangerous tasks as well as many public services including real-time monitoring, wireless coverage, search and rescue, wildlife surveys, and precision agriculture. However, the electrochemical power supply system of UAV is a critical issue in terms of its energy/power densities and lifetime for service endurance. In this paper, the current power supply systems used in UAVs are comprehensively reviewed and analyzed on the existing power configurations and the energy management systems. It is identified that a single type of electrochemical power source is not enough to support a UAV to achieve a long-haul flight; hence, a hybrid power system architecture is necessary. To make use of the advantages of each type of power source to increase the endurance and achieve good performance of the UAVs, the hybrid systems containing two or three types of power sources (fuel cell, battery, solar cell, and supercapacitor,) have to be developed. In this regard, the selection of an appropriate hybrid power structure with the optimized energy management system is critical for the efficient operation of a UAV. It is found that the data-driven models with artificial intelligence (AI) are promising in intelligent energy management. This paper can provide insights and guidelines for future research and development into the design and fabrication of the advanced UAV power systems.
