Does the use of a novel self-adhesive flowable composite reduce nanoleakage?

Abstract

Abeer Abo El Naga,1 Mohammed Yousef,1 Rasha Ramadan,2,3 Sherif Fayez Bahgat,4,5 Lana Alshawwa6 1Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Operative Dentistry Department, Modern Science and Arts University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Operative Dentistry Department, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Modern Science and Arts University, Cairo, Egypt; 5Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 6Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Objective: The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate the performance of a self-adhesive flowable composite and two self-etching adhesive systems, when subjected to cyclic loading, in preventing the nanoleakage of Class V restorations. Methods: Wedge-shape Class V cavities were prepared (4×2×2 mm [length × width × depth]) on the buccal surfaces of 90 sound human premolars. Cavities were divided randomly into three groups (n=30) according to the used adhesive (Xeno® V [self-etching adhesive system]) and BOND-1® SF (solvent-free self-etching adhesive system) in conjunction with Artiste® Nano Composite resin, and Fusio™ Liquid Dentin (self-adhesive flowable composite), consecutively. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n=10): (A) control, (B) subjected to occlusal cyclic loading (90N for 5,000 cycles), and (C) subjected to occlusal cyclic loading (90N for 10,000 cycles). Teeth then were coated with nail polish up to 1 mm from the interface, immersed in 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 hours and tested for nanoleakage using the environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis X-ray analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests (P≤0.05). Results: The Fusio Liquid Dentin group showed statistically significant lower percentages of silver penetration (0.55 µ) compared with the BOND-1 SF (3.45 µ) and Xeno V (3.82 µ) groups, which were not statistically different from each other, as they both showed higher silver penetration. Conclusion: Under the test conditions, the self-adhesive flowable composite provided better sealing ability. Aging of the two tested adhesive systems, as a function of cyclic loading, increased nanoleakage. Keywords: Class V, flowable composite, nanoleakage, cyclic loading, self-adhesive