International Journal of Nanomedicine (Nov 2022)
Caries Management with Non-Metallic Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Veena Wenqing Xu, Mohammed Zahedul Islam Nizami, Iris Xiaoxue Yin, Christie Ying Kei Lung, Ollie Yiru Yu, Chun Hung Chu Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chun Hung Chu, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China, Tel +852 2859 0287, Fax +852 2858 2532, Email [email protected]: Non-metallic nanomaterials do not stain enamel or dentin. Most have better biocompatibility than metallic nanomaterials do for management of dental caries.Objective: The objective of this study is to review the types, properties and potential uses of non-metallic nanomaterials systematically for managing dental caries.Methods: Two researchers independently performed a literature search of publications in English using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The keywords used were (nanoparticles OR nanocomposites OR nanomaterials) AND (caries OR tooth decay). They screened the titles and abstracts to identify potentially eligible publications of original research reporting non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management. Then, they retrieved and studied the full text of the identified publications for inclusion in this study.Results: Out of 2497 resulting publications, this study included 75 of those. The non-metallic nanomaterials used in these publications were categorized as biological organic nanomaterials (n=45), synthetic organic nanomaterials (n=15), carbon-based nanomaterials (n=13) and selenium nanomaterials (n=2). They inhibited bacteria growth and/or promoted remineralization. They could be incorporated in topical agents (29/75, 39%), dental adhesives (11/75, 15%), restorative fillers (4/75, 5%), dental sealant (3/75, 4%), oral drugs (3/75, 4%), toothpastes (2/75, 3%) and functional candies (1/75, 1%). Other publications (22/75, 29%) do not mention specific applications. However, most publications (67/75, 89%) were in vitro studies. Six publications (6/75, 8%) were animal studies, and only two publications (2/75, 3%) were clinical studies.Conclusion: The literature showed non-metallic nanomaterials have antibacterial and/or remineralising properties. The most common type of non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management is organic nanomaterials. Non-metallic nanomaterials can be incorporated into dental sealants, toothpaste, dental adhesives, topical agents and even candies and drugs. However, the majority of the publications are in vitro studies, and only two publications are clinical studies.Keywords: nanomaterials, nanoparticles, caries, prevention, antibacterial, remineralisation
