Framing studies: stereotypes about Mongolia’s in the American Press (1868–1968)

Abstract

In the practice of international journalism, the imagination used by journalists and publishers is helpful for understanding the country, but it also has the drawback of creating a ‘fog’ on the contrary. Mongolia was a mysterious country like an enigma to foreigners. To open it, foreigners wrote with various ideas. Did their stereotypes succeed? Based on such questionable assumptions, the circle analysis is presented. Stereotypes regarding Mongolia were examined in pieces published in the American Press between 1868 and 1968. To begin, stereotypes were extracted from the texts using content analysis. Second, on the topics of stereotypes, the study has discovered five frames of stereotypes. In the end the study examined the many meanings of stereotypes in frames. Some of these meanings could be the ‘fog’ that is distorting Mongolian understanding. However, other definitions may be more extensive, leading to a better comprehension of Mongolia. To recap all of these misconceptions, publications in the American press revealed admissible information about Mongolia at that time. This validates the five-frame analysis proposed in this study of Mongolian stereotypes in the American press.

Keywords

• Frame analysis
• stereotypes
• imagination
• Mongolia
• American Press
• stereotypes about Mongolia’s