Improving the ZnO-photocatalytic degradation of humic acid using powdered residuals from water purification plant

Abstract

Alum residuals were collected from a water treatment plant and used for improving the photocatalytic degradation of humic acid (HA) by combinations of zinc oxide (ZnO) and powdered residuals from a water purification plant (PRWPP). The influence of operating conditions such as initial humic acid concentration, pH, irradiation time, PRWPP to ZnO ratio, catalyst dose, and light illuminance have been investigated. The optimum PRWPP to ZnO ratio was 10:90. Using the prepared composites instead of bare ZnO raised the HA removal efficiency from 85.5% to 97.8%, and from 38% to 48.1% at catalyst doses of 1.2 g/l and 0.4 g/l, respectively. Moreover, it reduced energy consumption from 210.4 to 166.2 Wh per mg of HA. An artificial neural network model (ANN) was developed to predict the removal efficiency under different operating conditions. The optimum ANN structure yielded a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.993). A modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order model was used for describing the degradation kinetics at different initial concentrations of HA. HIGHLIGHTS Adding PRWPP enhanced the removal efficiency, reduced the ZnO dosage, and reduced the energy consumption.; PRWPP addition had a positive outcome on the environment, and its impact was confirmed using an ANN model.; HA photocatalytic degradation was found to be dependent on catalyst dosage, initial HA concentration, pH, retention time, and light illuminance.;

Keywords

• alum
• humic acid
• photocatalysis
• residuals
• zno