Payesh (Oct 2024)
The Adoptees’ Behavioral Challenges in Adaptive Families: a systematic review
Abstract
Objective(s): This systematic review aimed to consolidate and critically analyze studies that investigated the multifaceted behavioral challenges encountered by adoptees. Specifically, the review aimed to elucidate the complexity and diversity of these challenges across various cultural and familial contexts, and to identify key factors that contribute to the psychological and behavioral outcomes of adoptees. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted by keywords including "behavioral challenges", "conduct disorder", "attention disorder", "hyperactivity disorder", "autism", and "academic challenges" in databases like Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on studies published between 2019 and 2021. Inclusion criteria were based on document type (articles, theses), study design (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods), language (English), and relevance to the topics of adoption, behavioral challenges, and family dynamics. Results: In all, 28 studies were reviewed. The studies employed a range of methodologies, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, encompassing diverse geographical regions such as the USA, Italy, Norway, and Korea. The review identified several key themes. Secure attachment was found to be crucial in mitigating behavioral challenges. Insecure and disorganized attachment patterns were prevalent among adoptees with adverse pre-adoption experiences. Positive family dynamics, characterized by parental warmth, support, and effective communication, were associated with better psychological outcomes for adoptees. Conversely, negative dynamics exacerbated behavioral issues. Early adverse experiences, including neglect, abuse, and instability in care, were linked to higher rates of psychological and behavioral problems. Conclusion: While secure attachment and supportive family environments can alleviate some behavioral challenges, inconsistencies in the results across studies indicate the need for more focused investigations. Future studies should focus on understanding the mechanisms through which pre-adoption experiences impact long-term outcomes and developing interventions tailored to the unique needs of adoptees. This review underscores the necessity for adoptive parents and professionals to be aware of the diverse factors influencing adoptees' development to foster better psychological and behavioral adjustment.
