GEOMETRICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING PENALTY THROW AND DEFENSE AT HANDBALL GAME

Abstract

The paper deals with the problem of analysis of surfaces of throw and defense in case of penalty throw, from 7 meters, at handball game, from geometrical point of view. Geometrically, the direct throw of the ball can be done inside a pyramid, which is usually oblique, with the tip at the point where the ball is at the moment of throw, and the base given by the rectangle of the goalpost. For defense, there is necessary that the plane surface covered by the goalkeeper, with his entire body, with the moving upper and lower limbs, to cover as more as possible from the polygonal surface where the ball may be at the distance where the goalkeeper is placed. For analysis, there were considered two oblique pyramids with the tips at the extreme positions of throw, when the arm and the forearm are in prolongation, in vertical position, at 180º and, respectively, at 0º. For determining the polygonal surfaces, there were considered 5 section planes, these planes being on the goal line and at distances of 1, 2, 3 and 4 meters starting from the goalpost line. Numerical applications, realized for sportsmen with various heights, emphasize the most convenient positions for increasing the chance of defense of the throw from 7 meters.

Keywords

• surface
• handball
• throw
• defense
• pyramid
• biomechanics