Agent-based bidirectional charging algorithms for battery electric vehicles in renewable energy communities

Abstract

Abstract This paper introduces a framework for agent based autonomous charging and discharging of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) at local energy communities. Agents are programmed to control the bidirectional charging according to green energy utilisation incentives, based on load and generation forecasts. The optimization is achieved within a group of independent prosumers following a fully distributed approach using multiple self-organising agents. No central instance is needed for communication, billing or decision making. To demonstrate the ecological benefits of the system, simulations for a car pool, with a Photovoltaic (PV) plant, in a residential neighborhood were performed. The simulations resulted in an increased community PV self-consumption value of 48% compared to 29% in case of uncontrolled charging processes.

Keywords

• Electric vehicle (EV) charging
• Vehicle-2-grid
• Multi-agent system (MAS)
• Renewable energy communities
• Energy management system
• Model predictive control (MPC)