Influence of graphene-based materials on invertebrate and vertebrate

Abstract

With the rapid increased application of graphene and related materials (GRMs) in the industrial community, its release in the environment is gradually increased. The toxic effects of GRMs has drawn our attention. We characterised the toxic effects of GRMs on invertebrates and vertebrates and the common toxic mechanism, which can be classified as physical and chemical damage. This work gives a brief understanding of the toxic effects and mechanisms of GRMs.