Water pollution remediation in Kazakhstan: evaluating bacterial consortiums for organic pollutant decomposition

Abstract

Wastewater treatment is one of the key problems that has to be solved by environmental biotechnology. Wastewater bioremediation is one of the most efficient and safest methods to replenish water resources. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of using bacterial consortiums for reducing the organic load in wastewater, specifically focusing on water samples collected from three water bodies in central and northern Kazakhstan, which are known for their high levels of organic pollution. This study utilized bacterial strains from a microorganism collection to create consortiums. These consortiums were used to treat wastewater from polluted water bodies in Kazakhstan, focusing on parameters like COD, BOD5, ammonia, and phosphate. The methodology involved culturing strains, collecting water samples, and analyzing various parameters. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the results. The study found that two bacterial consortiums, 7BLB and 7BLPA, were the most effective in reducing COD, ammonia, and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater. The consortium 6BLP was highly effective at reducing phosphate levels, surpassing acceptable standards. Hydrogen levels met regulatory requirements in all cases. The study recommends further investigation of these consortiums’ impact on other water quality indicators and suggests conducting field experiments in natural water ponds. HIGHLIGHTS The biological method of water treatment is the safest and one of the most effective methods of water purification from organic and mineral substances.; The use of several biological forms – free-floating, fouling substrates, and forming a surface biofilm – can significantly increase the efficiency of utilization and neutralization of excess and toxic organic substances.;

Keywords

• biofilm
• biological oxygen demand
• bioremediation
• chemical oxygen demand
• eutrophication