Canonical Correlation of Milk Composition Parameters and Blood Biomarkers in High-Producing Dairy Cows During Different Lactation Stages
Eva Kovacikova,
Anton Kovacik,
Lubos Harangozo,
Katarina Tokarova,
Zuzana Knazicka,
Eva Tvrda,
Tomas Jambor,
Marian Tomka,
Peter Massanyi,
Norbert Lukac
Affiliations
Eva Kovacikova
Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Anton Kovacik
Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Lubos Harangozo
Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Katarina Tokarova
Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Zuzana Knazicka
Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Eva Tvrda
Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Tomas Jambor
Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Marian Tomka
Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Peter Massanyi
Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
Norbert Lukac
Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
This study explores milk composition and blood markers in cows across lactation stages. Holstein cows were divided into four groups: beginning of lactation (BL; n = 21), peak of lactation (PL; n = 21), middle of lactation (ML; n = 21), and end of lactation (EL; n = 20). Blood (1 × 15 mL) and milk samples (1 × 100 mL) were collected for biomarker analysis. Blood chemistry profiles were determined using a clinical chemistry analyser, and milk lactose, fat, and protein levels (%) were determined using an infrared absorbance analyser. Minerals (Ca, P, and Mg) in milk were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after mineralizing the samples. Glucose was higher in the EL group than in the BL group (p p p rc1 = 0.853; rc2 = 0.823; rc3 = 0.739). The main canonical correlation identified blood TG and milk urea as the strongest variables. According to the canonical loading, the biomarkers TG, Mg, urea, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase (U1) are the primary variables associated with milk parameters (V1), specifically with milk urea, milk Mg and P, protein, and lactose.
