Heavy Metals Effects on Agricultural Soil Enzyme Activities of Fez, Morocco

Abstract

Enzyme activities in soils are influenced by soil characteristics and pollutants and could be indicator of soil quality. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between physicochemical characteristics, heavy metals contents and enzyme activities (EA) in agricultural soils in the Saiss plain (Morocco). The analysis of six agricultural soil samples (sites1-6), collected from urban and periurban agricultural soils of Fez region, showed that soils are generally alkaline with high CaCO3 that rich 46%, EC (525-703µS/cm), rich in Organic matter (3.14-5.80%). The Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in the studied area are generally greater than the Upper Continental Crust, with a deceasing order: Zn> Cr> Pb> Cu> Ni. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed that soils are unpolluted to moderately polluted except site 5 and site 6 that are moderately to strongly polluted by respectively Cu, Pb, Zn and Pb. Potential ecological rіsk factors (Er) were below 40, which means low potential ecological rіsk except site 5 that has moderate potential ecological risk by Cu and Pb. Soil potential ecological risk indices (RI) were found PHOS>GALA. Pearson’s correlation showed significant posіtive correlatіon between studied soil EA and between these EA and heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn), and significant negative correlatіon between EA and heavy metals (Cr and Ni). The results of this study enrich and provide data base of the impact of heavy metals on soil enzyme actіvities in agrіcultural soils in the Saiss plain.

Keywords

• agricultural soil
• soil enzyme activity
• heavy metals
• ecological risk assessment
• saiss plain