Дискурс Пи (Mar 2021)
Lenin’s social dialectics
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to conduct a historical and philosophical analysis of the most important aspects of Lenin's dialectics of social processes and phenomena, understood both as a method and as a form of objective and subjective dialectics. The article considers basic provisions of Lenin's doctrine: the "core" of the dialectical method (the principle of the unity and struggle of opposites), the historical "spirit of Marxism" (consideration of any phenomenon as historical) and the class nature of social research. In terms of these fundamental provisions the structure of Lenin's social dialectics contains such necessary elements as the principles of historicity, concreteness, totality, the unity of theory and practice, reflection/representation, creative ("outstripping") consciousness and simultaneous "coexistence" of higher and lower social forms and structures. In addition, Lenin's social dialectics (as the dialectical unity of theory and practice) is examined in the light of its content, destructive in relation to capitalism and creative regarding construction of socialism. As a result of the study, the author formulates the definition of Lenin's socio-dialectical and materialist method as a way of concrete historical research of specific social phenomena, processes and situations (totalities), by which real class contradictions are revealed in these social structures and mechanisms, and through the analysis of which the historical dynamics of social phenomena is explained, i.e. their emergence, existence, functioning and death (transition to another state). Finally, through this both scientific and social-class analysis, as well as scientifically based forecasting, it is possible to implement appropriate social practice aimed both at destroying existing exploitative systems of oppression, and at building a future society on the basis of identified sprouts and trends that blow up the current state from inside out and lead to the emergence of a new one. The author concludes that the concrete historical analysis of the specific situation, understood as totality, and reversion of an active, initiative revolutionary subject to the socio-historical practice were the most important Lenin's achievements in the development of Marxist social dialectics.
Keywords
