Triunitary quantum circuits

Abstract

We introduce a class of quantum circuits that are unitary along three distinct “arrows of time.” These dynamics share some of the analytical tractability of “dual-unitary” circuits, while exhibiting distinctive and richer phenomenology. We find that two-point correlations in these dynamics are strictly confined to three directions in (1+1)-dimensional spacetime—the two light cone edges, δx=±vδt, and the static worldline δx=0. Along these directions, correlation functions are obtained exactly in terms of quantum channels built from the individual gates that make up the circuit. We prove that, for a class of initial states, entanglement grows at the maximum allowed speed up to an entropy density of at least one half of the thermal value, at which point it becomes model-dependent. Finally, we extend our circuit construction to 2+1 dimensions, where two-point correlation functions are confined to the one-dimensional edges of a tetrahedral light cone—a subdimensional propagation of information reminiscent of “fractonic” physics.