Acute adverse reactions and influencing factors of non-ionic iodine contrast in 332 683 patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT scanning

Abstract

Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions (AARs) of non-ionic iodine contrast medium (ICM) in the real world. Methods A retrospective case-control study was carried out on 332 683 patients receiving ICM-enhanced CT examination at our medical center from 2014 to 2020. They were 184 498 males and 148 185 females, at an age from 0 to 101 (57.91±14.36) years. According to experiencing AARs or not, the patients were divided into case group (ICM-AARs, n=931) and control group (no ICM-AARs, n=331 752). Single factor and multi factor logistic regression analyses were used to screen out the influencing factors of ICM-AARs. Results In the cohort, the incidence of ICM-AARs was 0.28% (931/332 683), with mild, moderate and severe AARs accounted for 93.88%, 4.83% and 1.29%, respectively. The results of regression analysis showed that history of ICM adverse reactions (OR=22.881, 95%CI: 16.235~32.246), history of other allergies (OR=4.406, 95%CI: 2.338~8.303) and asthma (OR=5.614, 95%CI: 2.596~12.138) were closely associated with the occurrence of ICM-AARs (P < 0.05). Gender, source, history of drug allergy, ICM type and injection speed were risk factors, while older age, history of ICM use and hypertension history were protective factors (OR=0.396~1.674, P < 0.05), but the strengths of above associations with the ICM-AARs were relatively weak (P < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of ICM-AARs is 0.28%, mainly mild adverse reactions. Previous history of ICM adverse reactions, other allergies, and asthma are the main factors affecting the occurrence of ICM-AARs.

Keywords

• computed tomography
• iodine contrast medium
• influencing factors
• acute adverse drug reactions
• logistic regression analysis
• real world