The Effectiveness of Biofloc Technology and Its Application Prospects in Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Aquaculture: A Review
Haoran Xiao,
Shufeng Li,
Zitong Wang,
Ye Tian,
Qiwei Zuo,
Fenglin Tian,
Yongjie Wang,
Chong Zhao,
Jun Ding
Affiliations
Haoran Xiao
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Shufeng Li
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Zitong Wang
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Ye Tian
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Qiwei Zuo
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Fenglin Tian
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Yongjie Wang
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Chong Zhao
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Jun Ding
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
This review aims to advance the development of biofloc technology (BFT), providing more sustainable and efficient practices for the farming of the Japanese sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). BFT is a sustainable aquaculture method that promotes nutrient recycling and effective carbon source management, offering significant advantages such as improving water quality, enhancing growth performance, and boosting the physiological activity and disease resistance of cultured animals. In A. japonicus farming, the optimal carbon source is glucose, and the ideal carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio ranges between 15 and 20. Microbial additives, such as the Bacillus species, have been shown to enhance biofloc formation and growth, as well as the immune responses in A. japonicus. However, the technology also faces limitations, including finding suitable biofloc culture protocols that match the physiological habits of A. japonicus and potential challenges with biofloc stability under varying environmental conditions. Based on existing research, this review discusses these limitations in the farming of A. japonicus. Additionally, it compares biofloc farming models for other economically important aquatic species. By addressing these key aspects, this review offers insights to enhance BFT performance, ultimately contributing to more efficient and sustainable A. japonicus aquaculture practices.
