Non-Polio Enterovirus C Replicate in Both Airway and Intestine Organotypic Cultures
Giulia Moreni,
Hetty van Eijk,
Gerrit Koen,
Nina Johannesson,
Carlemi Calitz,
Kimberley Benschop,
Jeroen Cremer,
Dasja Pajkrt,
Adithya Sridhar,
Katja Wolthers
Affiliations
Giulia Moreni
OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Hetty van Eijk
OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Gerrit Koen
OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Nina Johannesson
OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Carlemi Calitz
OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Kimberley Benschop
National Institute for Public Health and Environment, RIVM, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Jeroen Cremer
National Institute for Public Health and Environment, RIVM, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Dasja Pajkrt
OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Adithya Sridhar
OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Katja Wolthers
OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Non-polio enteroviruses (EV) belonging to species C, which are highly prevalent in Africa, mainly among children, are poorly characterized, and their pathogenesis is mostly unknown as they are difficult to culture. In this study, human airway and intestinal organotypic models were used to investigate tissue and cellular tropism of three EV-C genotypes, EV-C99, CVA-13, and CVA-20. Clinical isolates were obtained within the two passages of culture on Caco2 cells, and all three viruses were replicated in both the human airway and intestinal organotypic cultures. We did not observe differences in viral replication between fetal and adult tissue that could potentially explain the preferential infection of infants by EV-C genotypes. Infection of the airway and the intestinal cultures indicates that they both can serve as entry sites for non-polio EV-C. Ciliated airway cells and enterocytes are the target of infection for all three viruses, as well as enteroendocrine cells for EV-C99.
